( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot ( various years ), ( 5 ) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and ( 6 ) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme
(a) surveys of households and firms (e.g. Afrobarometer surveys, Gallup World Poll, and Global Competitiveness Report survey), (b) NGOs (e.g. Global Integrity, Freedom House, Reporters Without Borders), (c) commercial business information providers (e.g. Economist Intelligence Unit, Global Insight, Political Risk Services), and (d) public sector organizations (e.g. CPIA assessments of World Bank and regional development banks).
Alan Booth, Pennsylvania state univeresity
Aleinikoff, T. Alexander, and Douglas Klusmeyer. 2002. Citizenship Policies for an Age of Migration. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Ch. 1&2. Countries included: Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, US Baldwin-Edwards, Martin. 1997. “Third Country Nationals and Welfare Systems in the European Union.†Jean Monnet Working Paper in Comparative and International Politics: JMWP 12.97. Link: http://aei.pitt.edu/410/01/jmwp12.htm Countries included: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Baubock, Rainier. 2006. Addendum to Ch. 3 of Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European Countries Rainier Baubock, Eva Ersbøll, Kees Groenendijk and Harald Waldrauch, eds. Amsterdam University Press. Link: http://www.imiscoe.org/natac/acquisition_dataacquisition.html IMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion Countries included: EU15 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK) Bertocchi, Gabriella, and Chiara Strozzi. “Citizenship Laws and International Migration in Historical Perspective.†Nota DiLaVoro 71.2005. Link: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=603542 Countries included: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, UK, US Çinar, Dilek. 1994. “From Aliens to Citizens: A Comparative Analysis of Rules of Transition.†Institut für Höhere Studien Reihe Politikwissenschaft. Link: http://www.ihs.ac.at/publications/pol/pw_17.pdf Countries included: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and in Australia, Canada, US Flournoy, Richard W., and Manley Ottmer Hudson. 1983. A Collection of Nationality Laws of Various Countries as Contained in Consitutions, Statutes, and Treaties. University of Chicago Press. Countries included: Austria, Belgium, British Empire (Britain/N. Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland), Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, US Hansen, Randall, and Patrick Weil. 2002. Dual nationality, social rights and federal citizenship in the U.S. and Europe: the reinvention of citizenship. Berghahn Books. Countries included, France, Germany, UK, US, others Hofhansel, Claus. 2008. “Citizenship in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland: Courts, Legislatures, and Administrators.†International Migration Review 42(1): 163–192. Howard, Marc Morjé. 2005. “Variation in dual citizenship policies in the countries of the EU.†International Migration Review 39(3): 697-720. Countries included: EU 15 Kogan, Irena. 2003. “Ex-Yugoslavs in the Austrian and Swedish labour markets: the significance of the period of migration and the effect of citizenship acquisition.†Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 29(4): 595–622. Mayda, Anna Maria, and Krishna Patel. 2004. 'OECD Countries Migration Policy Changes' Appendix to 'International Migration: A Panel Data Analysis of Economic and Non-Economic Determinants.†Link: http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/amm223/policychangesAppendix.pdf Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, German, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Sainsbury, Diane. 2006. “Immigrants’ social rights in comparative perspective: welfare regimes, forms in immigration and immigration policy regimes.†Journal of European Social Policy 2006; 16(3): 229-244. Countries included: Germany, Sweden, US United States Office of Personnel Management Investigations Service. 2001. 'Citizenship Laws of the World.' IS-1 (all countries) Link: http://www.opm.gov/EXTRA/INVESTIGATE/is-01.PDF Weil, Patrick. 2001. “Access to Citizenship: A Comparison of Twenty-Five Nationality Laws.†Ch. 1 in T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer, eds., Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Countries included: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, US Additional sources for single countries Australia: Australian Citizenship Act of 1948, Section 17 Link: http://www.southern-cross-group.org/archives/Dual%20Citizenship/2007/Text_of_Section_17.pdf Australian Citizenship Act 1948 (as amended up to Act No. 46 of 2006) [Australia], Act No. 83 of 1948 as amended, 21 December 1948, available at: Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4843d1912.html Austria: Austria Nationality Act Federal Law Concerning the Austrian Nationality (Nationality Act 1985) (last amended 2006) [Austria], Federal Law Gazette of the Republic of Austria, FLG No. 311/1985, amended by FLG No. 386/1986, FLG No. 685/1988, FLG No. 521/1993, FLG No. 505/1994, FLG I No. 109/1997, FLG I No. 30/1998, FLG I No. 123/1998 and FLG I No. 124/1998, 30 July 1985. Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/type,LEGISLATION,,AUT,3ae6b52114,0.html Summary of Austrian citizenship history, Austrian Historical Commission government website Link: http://www.historikerkommission.gv.at/press/e_report2.html Belgium: Code de la nationalité belge [Belgium], 22 July 1984. Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df8a42f7.html Canada: Government website: http://dsp-psd.tpsgc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp445-e.htm#C.%20Citizenship%20by%20Naturalization(txt) Finland: Finnish Immigratin Service. 2008. “Application of the Old and New Nationality Act.†Link: http://finlandconsulate.gov.lb/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 France: French Civil Code, Legifrance Link: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/code_civil_textA.htm French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. “French Nationality: A convoluted history.†Interview with Patrick Weil. Link: http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/label-france_2554/label-france-issues_2555/label-france-no.-49_3622/society-environment_3627/french-nationality-convoluted-history_4798.html Plender, Richard. 1974. “The New French Nationality Law.†International and Comparative Law Quarterly 23:709-747. Germany: Germany Nationality Act of 1913 translation online Link: http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StAG.htm Greeen, Simon. 2004. The politics of exclusion: institutions and immigration policy in contemporary Germany. Manchester University Press. Howard, Marc Morjé. 2008. “The Causes and Consequence of Germany’s New Citizenship Law.†German Politics 17(1): 41–62. Greece: Code of Greek Nationality Link: http://www.geocities.com/nationalite/greek-eng.txt Iceland: 1952 Nationality Law (as amended through 2007), Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs Link: http://eng.domsmalaraduneyti.is/laws-and-regulations/nr/6297 Ireland: Irish nationality and citizenship acts 1956 and 1986, online version 'unofficial consolidated version' Links: 1956: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1956/en/act/pub/0026/index.html 1986: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1986/en/act/pub/0023/index.html Japan: Nationality Law of 1950. Japanese Ministry of Justice website. http://www.moj.go.jp/ENGLISH/information/tnl-01.html Sik Ko, Swan. 1990. Nationality and international law in Asian perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Luxembourg: Act of 22 February 1968 on Luxembourg nationality, as amended by the Acts of 26 June 1975, 20 June 1977, and 11 December 1986. Annual Review of Population Law, 1989,16:129. Popline document no. 078952 Link: http://www.popline.org/docs/0987/078952.html Netherlands: Jacobs, Dirk. 2002. “Access to Citizenship of the Population of Foreign Origin in the Netherlands. ISPO KV Leuven. Link: http://users.belgacom.net/jacobs/netherlands.pdf Vink, Maarten P. 2007. “Dutch ‘Multiculturalism’ Beyond the Pillarisation Myth.†Political Studies Review 5: 337–350. Information on 2003 Amendments, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Link: http://www.minbuza.nl/en/welcome/DutchCitizens,dutch_nationality New Zealand: New Zealand Citizenship Act. Link: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/entreelibre/Laurette/country/NewZealandtext.html New Zealand Citizenship Amendment Act 2005, government of New Zealand website. Link: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2005/0043/latest/DLM346747.html Portugal: Portuguese Citizenship Act. Link: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/entreelibre/Laurette/country/portugalbistxt.html Spain: Dur´an Ruiz, Francisco J. 2003. “The Relationship between Legal Status, Rights and the Social Integration of the Immigrants.†Working paper 84, University of California, San Diego. Center for Comparative Immigration Studies. Spanish Civil Code. Link: http://www.coe.int/t/e/legal_affairs/legal_co-operation/foreigners_and_citizens/nationality/documents/bulletin/Spain%20E.pdf Sweden: Swedish Citizenship Act of 1 July, 2001: Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/420cadf64.html UK: British Nationality Act 1981 Link: http://www.uniset.ca/naty/BNA1981revd.htm US: Nationality and Immigration Act of 1952. Department of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Link: http://www.uscis.gov/propub/ProPubVAP.jsp?dockey=9b60c646835045a30ceca097f0ca1ba3
Aleinikoff, T. Alexander, and Douglas Klusmeyer. 2002. Citizenship Policies for an Age of Migration. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Ch. 1&2.Countries included: Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, USBaldwin-Edwards, Martin. 1997. “Third Country Nationals and Welfare Systems in the European Union.†Jean Monnet Working Paper in Comparative and International Politics: JMWP 12.97. Link: http://aei.pitt.edu/410/01/jmwp12.htmCountries included: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UKBaubock, Rainier. 2006. Addendum to Ch. 3 of Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European Countries Rainier Baubock, Eva Ersbøll, Kees Groenendijk and Harald Waldrauch, eds. Amsterdam University Press. Link: http://www.imiscoe.org/natac/acquisition_dataacquisition.htmlIMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social CohesionCountries included: EU15 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK)Bertocchi, Gabriella, and Chiara Strozzi. “Citizenship Laws and International Migration in Historical Perspective.†Nota DiLaVoro 71.2005. Link: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=603542Countries included: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, UK, USÇinar, Dilek. 1994. “From Aliens to Citizens: A Comparative Analysis of Rules of Transition.†Institut für Höhere Studien Reihe Politikwissenschaft.Link: http://www.ihs.ac.at/publications/pol/pw_17.pdfCountries included: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and in Australia, Canada, USFlournoy, Richard W., and Manley Ottmer Hudson. 1983. A Collection of Nationality Laws of Various Countries as Contained in Consitutions, Statutes, and Treaties. University of Chicago Press. Countries included: Austria, Belgium, British Empire (Britain/N. Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland), Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USHansen, Randall, and Patrick Weil. 2002. Dual nationality, social rights and federal citizenship in the U.S. and Europe: the reinvention of citizenship. Berghahn Books.Countries included, France, Germany, UK, US, othersHofhansel, Claus. 2008. “Citizenship in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland: Courts, Legislatures, and Administrators.†International Migration Review 42(1): 163–192.Howard, Marc Morjé. 2005. “Variation in dual citizenship policies in the countries of the EU.†International Migration Review 39(3): 697-720. Countries included: EU 15Kogan, Irena. 2003. “Ex-Yugoslavs in the Austrian and Swedish labour markets: the significance of the period of migration and the effect of citizenship acquisition.†Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 29(4): 595–622. Mayda, Anna Maria, and Krishna Patel. 2004. 'OECD Countries Migration Policy Changes' Appendix to 'International Migration: A Panel Data Analysis of Economic and Non-Economic Determinants.â€Link: http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/amm223/policychangesAppendix.pdfAustralia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, German, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Sainsbury, Diane. 2006. “Immigrants’ social rights in comparative perspective: welfare regimes, forms in immigration and immigration policy regimes.†Journal of European Social Policy 2006; 16(3): 229-244. Countries included: Germany, Sweden, USUnited States Office of Personnel Management Investigations Service. 2001. 'Citizenship Laws of the World.' IS-1 (all countries) Link: http://www.opm.gov/EXTRA/INVESTIGATE/is-01.PDFWeil, Patrick. 2001. “Access to Citizenship: A Comparison of Twenty-Five Nationality Laws.†Ch. 1 in T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer, eds., Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Countries included: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, USAdditional sources for single countriesAustralia: Australian Citizenship Act of 1948, Section 17Link: http://www.southern-cross-group.org/archives/Dual%20Citizenship/2007/Text_of_Section_17.pdfAustralian Citizenship Act 1948 (as amended up to Act No. 46 of 2006) [Australia], Act No. 83 of 1948 as amended, 21 December 1948, available at: Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4843d1912.htmlAustria: Austria Nationality ActFederal Law Concerning the Austrian Nationality (Nationality Act 1985) (last amended 2006) [Austria], Federal Law Gazette of the Republic of Austria, FLG No. 311/1985, amended by FLG No. 386/1986, FLG No. 685/1988, FLG No. 521/1993, FLG No. 505/1994, FLG I No. 109/1997, FLG I No. 30/1998, FLG I No. 123/1998 and FLG I No. 124/1998, 30 July 1985.Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/type,LEGISLATION,,AUT,3ae6b52114,0.htmlSummary of Austrian citizenship history, Austrian Historical Commission government website Link: http://www.historikerkommission.gv.at/press/e_report2.htmlBelgium: Code de la nationalité belge [Belgium], 22 July 1984. Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df8a42f7.htmlCanada: Government website: http://dsp-psd.tpsgc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp445-e.htm#C.%20Citizenship%20by%20Naturalization(txt)Finland:Finnish Immigratin Service. 2008. “Application of the Old and New Nationality Act.†Link: http://finlandconsulate.gov.lb/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 France: French Civil Code, LegifranceLink: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/code_civil_textA.htmFrench Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. “French Nationality: A convoluted history.†Interview with Patrick Weil. Link: http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/label-france_2554/label-france-issues_2555/label-france-no.-49_3622/society-environment_3627/french-nationality-convoluted-history_4798.htmlPlender, Richard. 1974. “The New French Nationality Law.†International and Comparative Law Quarterly 23:709-747.Germany: Germany Nationality Act of 1913 translation online Link: http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StAG.htmGreeen, Simon. 2004. The politics of exclusion: institutions and immigration policy in contemporary Germany. Manchester University Press.Howard, Marc Morjé. 2008. “The Causes and Consequence of Germany’s New Citizenship Law.†German Politics 17(1): 41–62.Greece: Code of Greek NationalityLink: http://www.geocities.com/nationalite/greek-eng.txtIceland: 1952 Nationality Law (as amended through 2007), Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical AffairsLink: http://eng.domsmalaraduneyti.is/laws-and-regulations/nr/6297Ireland: Irish nationality and citizenship acts 1956 and 1986, online version 'unofficial consolidated version'Links: 1956: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1956/en/act/pub/0026/index.html 1986: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1986/en/act/pub/0023/index.htmlJapan:Nationality Law of 1950. Japanese Ministry of Justice website.http://www.moj.go.jp/ENGLISH/information/tnl-01.htmlSik Ko, Swan. 1990. Nationality and international law in Asian perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Luxembourg:Act of 22 February 1968 on Luxembourg nationality, as amended by the Acts of 26 June 1975, 20 June 1977, and 11 December 1986.Annual Review of Population Law, 1989,16:129. Popline document no. 078952Link: http://www.popline.org/docs/0987/078952.htmlNetherlands: Jacobs, Dirk. 2002. “Access to Citizenship of the Population of Foreign Origin in the Netherlands. ISPO KV Leuven. Link: http://users.belgacom.net/jacobs/netherlands.pdfVink, Maarten P. 2007. “Dutch ‘Multiculturalism’ Beyond the Pillarisation Myth.†Political Studies Review 5: 337–350.Information on 2003 Amendments, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Link: http://www.minbuza.nl/en/welcome/DutchCitizens,dutch_nationalityNew Zealand:New Zealand Citizenship Act. Link: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/entreelibre/Laurette/country/NewZealandtext.htmlNew Zealand Citizenship Amendment Act 2005, government of New Zealand website. Link: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2005/0043/latest/DLM346747.htmlPortugal: Portuguese Citizenship Act.Link: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/entreelibre/Laurette/country/portugalbistxt.htmlSpain: Dur´an Ruiz, Francisco J. 2003. “The Relationship between Legal Status, Rights and the Social Integration of the Immigrants.†Working paper 84, University of California, San Diego. Center for Comparative Immigration Studies. Spanish Civil Code. Link: http://www.coe.int/t/e/legal_affairs/legal_co-operation/foreigners_and_citizens/nationality/documents/bulletin/Spain%20E.pdfSweden:Swedish Citizenship Act of 1 July, 2001:Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/420cadf64.htmlUK: British Nationality Act 1981 Link: http://www.uniset.ca/naty/BNA1981revd.htmUS: Nationality and Immigration Act of 1952. Department of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Link: http://www.uscis.gov/propub/ProPubVAP.jsp?dockey=9b60c646835045a30ceca097f0ca1ba2
Aleinikoff, T. Alexander, and Douglas Klusmeyer. 2002. Citizenship Policies for an Age of Migration. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Ch. 1&2.Countries included: Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, USBaldwin-Edwards, Martin. 1997. “Third Country Nationals and Welfare Systems in the European Union.†Jean Monnet Working Paper in Comparative and International Politics: JMWP 12.97. Link: http://aei.pitt.edu/410/01/jmwp12.htmCountries included: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UKBaubock, Rainier. 2006. Addendum to Ch. 3 of Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European Countries Rainier Baubock, Eva Ersbøll, Kees Groenendijk and Harald Waldrauch, eds. Amsterdam University Press. Link: http://www.imiscoe.org/natac/acquisition_dataacquisition.htmlIMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social CohesionCountries included: EU15 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK)Bertocchi, Gabriella, and Chiara Strozzi. “Citizenship Laws and International Migration in Historical Perspective.†Nota DiLaVoro 71.2005. Link: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=603542Countries included: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, UK, USÇinar, Dilek. 1994. “From Aliens to Citizens: A Comparative Analysis of Rules of Transition.†Institut für Höhere Studien Reihe Politikwissenschaft.Link: http://www.ihs.ac.at/publications/pol/pw_17.pdfCountries included: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and in Australia, Canada, USFlournoy, Richard W., and Manley Ottmer Hudson. 1983. A Collection of Nationality Laws of Various Countries as Contained in Consitutions, Statutes, and Treaties. University of Chicago Press. Countries included: Austria, Belgium, British Empire (Britain/N. Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland), Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USHansen, Randall, and Patrick Weil. 2002. Dual nationality, social rights and federal citizenship in the U.S. and Europe: the reinvention of citizenship. Berghahn Books.Countries included, France, Germany, UK, US, othersHofhansel, Claus. 2008. “Citizenship in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland: Courts, Legislatures, and Administrators.†International Migration Review 42(1): 163–192.Howard, Marc Morjé. 2005. “Variation in dual citizenship policies in the countries of the EU.†International Migration Review 39(3): 697-720. Countries included: EU 15Kogan, Irena. 2003. “Ex-Yugoslavs in the Austrian and Swedish labour markets: the significance of the period of migration and the effect of citizenship acquisition.†Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 29(4): 595–622. Mayda, Anna Maria, and Krishna Patel. 2004. 'OECD Countries Migration Policy Changes' Appendix to 'International Migration: A Panel Data Analysis of Economic and Non-Economic Determinants.â€Link: http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/amm223/policychangesAppendix.pdfAustralia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, German, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Sainsbury, Diane. 2006. “Immigrants’ social rights in comparative perspective: welfare regimes, forms in immigration and immigration policy regimes.†Journal of European Social Policy 2006; 16(3): 229-244. Countries included: Germany, Sweden, USUnited States Office of Personnel Management Investigations Service. 2001. 'Citizenship Laws of the World.' IS-1 (all countries) Link: http://www.opm.gov/EXTRA/INVESTIGATE/is-01.PDFWeil, Patrick. 2001. “Access to Citizenship: A Comparison of Twenty-Five Nationality Laws.†Ch. 1 in T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer, eds., Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Countries included: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, USAdditional sources for single countriesAustralia: Australian Citizenship Act of 1948, Section 17Link: http://www.southern-cross-group.org/archives/Dual%20Citizenship/2007/Text_of_Section_17.pdfAustralian Citizenship Act 1948 (as amended up to Act No. 46 of 2006) [Australia], Act No. 83 of 1948 as amended, 21 December 1948, available at: Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4843d1912.htmlAustria: Austria Nationality ActFederal Law Concerning the Austrian Nationality (Nationality Act 1985) (last amended 2006) [Austria], Federal Law Gazette of the Republic of Austria, FLG No. 311/1985, amended by FLG No. 386/1986, FLG No. 685/1988, FLG No. 521/1993, FLG No. 505/1994, FLG I No. 109/1997, FLG I No. 30/1998, FLG I No. 123/1998 and FLG I No. 124/1998, 30 July 1985.Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/type,LEGISLATION,,AUT,3ae6b52114,0.htmlSummary of Austrian citizenship history, Austrian Historical Commission government website Link: http://www.historikerkommission.gv.at/press/e_report2.htmlBelgium: Code de la nationalité belge [Belgium], 22 July 1984. Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df8a42f7.htmlCanada: Government website: http://dsp-psd.tpsgc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp445-e.htm#C.%20Citizenship%20by%20Naturalization(txt)Finland:Finnish Immigratin Service. 2008. “Application of the Old and New Nationality Act.†Link: http://finlandconsulate.gov.lb/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 France: French Civil Code, LegifranceLink: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/code_civil_textA.htmFrench Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. “French Nationality: A convoluted history.†Interview with Patrick Weil. Link: http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/label-france_2554/label-france-issues_2555/label-france-no.-49_3622/society-environment_3627/french-nationality-convoluted-history_4798.htmlPlender, Richard. 1974. “The New French Nationality Law.†International and Comparative Law Quarterly 23:709-747.Germany: Germany Nationality Act of 1913 translation online Link: http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StAG.htmGreeen, Simon. 2004. The politics of exclusion: institutions and immigration policy in contemporary Germany. Manchester University Press.Howard, Marc Morjé. 2008. “The Causes and Consequence of Germany’s New Citizenship Law.†German Politics 17(1): 41–62.Greece: Code of Greek NationalityLink: http://www.geocities.com/nationalite/greek-eng.txtIceland: 1952 Nationality Law (as amended through 2007), Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical AffairsLink: http://eng.domsmalaraduneyti.is/laws-and-regulations/nr/6297Ireland: Irish nationality and citizenship acts 1956 and 1986, online version 'unofficial consolidated version'Links: 1956: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1956/en/act/pub/0026/index.html 1986: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1986/en/act/pub/0023/index.htmlJapan:Nationality Law of 1950. Japanese Ministry of Justice website.http://www.moj.go.jp/ENGLISH/information/tnl-01.htmlSik Ko, Swan. 1990. Nationality and international law in Asian perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Luxembourg:Act of 22 February 1968 on Luxembourg nationality, as amended by the Acts of 26 June 1975, 20 June 1977, and 11 December 1986.Annual Review of Population Law, 1989,16:129. Popline document no. 078952Link: http://www.popline.org/docs/0987/078952.htmlNetherlands: Jacobs, Dirk. 2002. “Access to Citizenship of the Population of Foreign Origin in the Netherlands. ISPO KV Leuven. Link: http://users.belgacom.net/jacobs/netherlands.pdfVink, Maarten P. 2007. “Dutch ‘Multiculturalism’ Beyond the Pillarisation Myth.†Political Studies Review 5: 337–350.Information on 2003 Amendments, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Link: http://www.minbuza.nl/en/welcome/DutchCitizens,dutch_nationalityNew Zealand:New Zealand Citizenship Act. Link: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/entreelibre/Laurette/country/NewZealandtext.htmlNew Zealand Citizenship Amendment Act 2005, government of New Zealand website. Link: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2005/0043/latest/DLM346747.htmlPortugal: Portuguese Citizenship Act.Link: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/entreelibre/Laurette/country/portugalbistxt.htmlSpain: Dur´an Ruiz, Francisco J. 2003. “The Relationship between Legal Status, Rights and the Social Integration of the Immigrants.†Working paper 84, University of California, San Diego. Center for Comparative Immigration Studies. Spanish Civil Code. Link: http://www.coe.int/t/e/legal_affairs/legal_co-operation/foreigners_and_citizens/nationality/documents/bulletin/Spain%20E.pdfSweden:Swedish Citizenship Act of 1 July, 2001:Link: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/420cadf64.htmlUK: British Nationality Act 1981 Link: http://www.uniset.ca/naty/BNA1981revd.htmUS: Nationality and Immigration Act of 1952. Department of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Link: http://www.uscis.gov/propub/ProPubVAP.jsp?dockey=9b60c646835045a30ceca097f0ca1ba3
Alesina, A., Devleeschauwer, A., Easterly, W., Kurlat, S., & Wacziarg, R. (2003). Fractionalization. Journal of Economic growth, 8(2), 155-194.
Americasbarometer survey
Amnesty International, the U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, and Human Rights Watch’s World Reports
Angus Maddison’s historical statistics, Country statistical offices
Annual macro-economic database of the European Commission's Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs
Australian bureau of statistics
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Barro-Lee Educational Attainment Dataset; CEDLAS (Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies); CRED EM-DAT (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters); Eurostat; FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization); Gallup; Pep Canadell; GCP (Global Carbon project); ICF Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre); IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation); ILO (International Labour Organization); IMF (International Monetary Fund); IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union); ITU (International Telecommunication Union); LIS (Luxembourg Income Study); OECD (organization for Economic Co-operation and Development); United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (unctad) (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development); UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs); UNECLAC (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean);UNESCWA (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia);UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund); UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime);UNSD (United Nations Statistics Division); UN Women; World Bank;World Inequality Lab; UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine); WHO (World health organization); UNOHCHR (United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights); UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Fund and World Bank); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME); UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics;
Barro-Lee Educational Attainment Dataset; CEDLAS (Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies); CRED EM-DAT (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters); Eurostat; FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization); Gallup; Pep Canadell; GCP (Global Carbon project); ICF Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre); IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation); ILO (International Labour Organization); IMF (International Monetary Fund); IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union); ITU (International Telecommunication Union); LIS (Luxembourg Income Study); OECD (organization for Economic Co-operation and Development); United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (unctad) (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development); UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs); UNECLAC (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean);UNESCWA (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia);UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund); UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime);UNSD (United Nations Statistics Division); UN Women; World Bank;World Inequality Lab; UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine); WHO (World health organization); UNOHCHR (United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights); UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Fund and World Bank); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME); UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Barro-Lee Educational Attainment Dataset; CEDLAS (Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies); CRED EM-DAT (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters); Eurostat; FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization); Gallup; Pep Canadell; GCP (Global Carbon project); ICF Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre); IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation); ILO (International Labour Organization); international monetary fund (imf) (International Monetary Fund); IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union); ITU (International Telecommunication Union); LIS (Luxembourg Income Study); OECD (organization for Economic Co-operation and Development); United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (unctad) (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development); UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs); UNECLAC (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean);UNESCWA (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia);UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund); UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime);UNSD (United Nations Statistics Division); UN Women; World Bank;World Inequality Lab; UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine); WHO (World health organization); UNOHCHR (United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights); UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Group (World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Fund and World Bank); UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME); UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees); UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics;
Becerra, D., Gurrola, M., Ayón, C., Androff, D., Krysik, J., Gerdes, K., ... & Segal, E. (2010). Poverty and other factors affecting migration intentions among adolescents in Mexico. Journal of Poverty, 14(1), 1-16.
Benjamin Widner of Colorado State University
Bhatta, G. D., Aggarwal, P. K., Poudel, S., & Belgrave, D. A. (2015). Climate-induced migration in South Asia: Migration decisions and the gender dimensions of adverse climatic events. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 10(4).
Bijker, R. A., Haartsen, T., & Strijker, D. (2012). Migration to less-popular rural areas in the Netherlands: Exploring the motivations. Journal of Rural Studies, 28(4), 490-498.
BREKKE J.P. (2004), The struggle for control: The impact of national control policies on the arrival of asylum seekers to Scandinavia 1999-2004, Oslo, Institute for Social Research.
Buehn A and Schneider F (2012) Shadow economies around the world: Novel insights, accepted knowledge, and new estimates. International Tax and Public Finance 19(1): 139–171
Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment, Islamabad
Busby, J. R., “BIOCLIM—A Bioclimatic Analysis and Prediction System,â€Plant ProtectionQuarterly6 (1991):8–9.
Cairns, D. (2017). Exploring student mobility and graduate migration: undergraduate mobility propensities in two economic crisis contexts. Social & Cultural Geography, 18(3), 336-353.
Cairns, D. (2017). Migration and tertiary educated youth: A reflexive view of mobility decision-making in an economic crisis context. Children's Geographies, 15(4), 413-425.
Ceda archive
Census, surveys, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Eurostat
Center for Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Central bureau of statistics Nepal
Central bureau of statistics Netherlands
Central intelligence agency (CIA)
Central statistical organization Yemen
CEPII
CEPII, Eurostat
China institute for income distribution
CIA world factbook
Codjoe, S. N. A., Nyamedor, F. H., Sward, J., & Dovie, D. B. (2017). Environmental hazard and migration intentions in a coastal area in Ghana: a case of sea flooding. Population and Environment, 39(2), 128-146.
Consolidated Treaty Series, the League of Nations Treaty Series, the British Foreign and State Papers, the United Nations Treaty Series, other
Correlates of war project
Country representatives on the OECD Working Party 2: Tax Policy and Tax Statistics of the Committee on Fiscal Affairs.
Country statistical offices
Country statistical offices, other
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de EstadÃstica - DANE, Colombia
Derived from total population. Population source: ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision, ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot ( various years ), ( 5 ) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and ( 6 ) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.
Development Assistance Committee of the organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database
Dirección General de EstadÃstica, SecretarÃa de Industria y Comercio
Dyen, I., Kruskal, J. B., & Black, P. (1992). An Indoeuropean classification: A lexicostatistical experiment. Transactions of the American Philosophical society, 82(5), iii-132.
Dyen, I., Kruskal, J., and Black, P. (1992). An Indoeuropean Classification: A Lexicostatistical Experiment. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society
e Terrestrial Air Temperature and Precipitation: 1900-2006 Gridded Monthly Time Series
Economic Transformation Database;ilo;Total Economy Database;World Bank;UN accounts main aggregates database;
Ederman, L.-E., Weidmann, N.B., & Gleditsch, K.S. (2011). Horizontal Inequalities and Ethno-Nationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison. American Political Science Review, 105(3), 478-95.
ESRI ArcGIS
Ethnologue
EUDO Citizenship Country profiles, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the United Nations Laws Concerning Nationality, and the Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute
Eurmagine
Europa.eu
European central bank
European commission
European social survey
European university institute
European value survey, World value survey
Eurostat
Eurostat, country statistical offices
Eurostat, OECD
Eurostat, United Nations, country statistical offices
Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2003). Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. American political science review, 97(1), 75-90.
Federal Bureau of Statistics, Islamabad
Federal Employment Agency Germany
Federal statistical office Switzerland
Felbermayr, G., and Toubal, F. (2009). Cultural proximity and trade. European Economic Review, 54.
Fiji bureau of statistics
Fiji ministry of health
Fiji police force
Findlay, A. M., King, R., Smith, F. M., Geddes, A., & Skeldon, R. (2012). World class? An investigation of globalisation, difference and international student mobility. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(1), 118-131.
Food and Agriculture Organization
Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank population estimates
Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.
Gallup
gesis
Ghana statistical service
GHCN2 (Global Historical Climate Network) and archive of Legates & Willmott
Glick, R., & Rose, A. K. (2002). Does a currency union affect trade? The time-series evidence. European economic review, 46(6), 1125-1151.
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)
Groningen Growth and Development Centre
Gropas, R., & Triandafyllidou, A. (2014). Survey report. Emigrating in times of crisis. Highlights and new data from an e-survey on high-skilled emigrants from Southern Europe and Ireland. Global Governance Programme.
Groutsis, D., & Arnold, P. C. (2012). Tracking the career decisions and experience of migrant elites: The case of South African-trained medical professionals in the Australian labour market. Health Sociology Review, 21(3), 332-342.
Hamburg university
Hanushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2012). Do better schools lead to more growth? Cognitive skills, economic outcomes, and causation. Journal of economic growth, 17(4), 267-321.
Hatton, T. J. (2011). Seeking asylum: Trends and policies in the OECD. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research.
Head, K., Mayer, T., & Ries, J. (2010). The erosion of colonial trade linkages after independence. Journal of international Economics, 81(1), 1-14.
Health at a Glance OECD
Higher Education Statistics Agency
Hoffman, S., Marsiglia, F. F., & Ayers, S. L. (2015). Religiosity and migration aspirations among Mexican youth. Journal of international migration and integration, 16(1), 173-186.
Hofstede G (1991) Cultures and organizations: software of the mind. McGraw-Hill, London
Hoppe, A., & Fujishiro, K. (2015). Anticipated job benefits, career aspiration, and generalized self-efficacy as predictors for migration decision-making. International journal of intercultural relations, 47, 13-27.
Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey (HILDA)
Human Sciences ResearchCouncil (HSRC)
Hunter, Barbara F., ed., Ethnologue: Languages of the World, twelfth ed. (Gothenburg, Sweden: Lanstryckeriet, 1992).
IATA
Il Sole 24 Ore
Indonesia family life survey
Inglehart R (1997) Modernization and postmodernization. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American sociological review, 19-51.
Insituto nacional de estadistica Spain
Institute for population and social research, Mahidol University
Instituto de emprego e formacao profissional / Jorgen Carling
Instituto Nacional de EstadÃstica, GeografÃa e Informática Mexico
Inter-Parliamentary Union ( IPU )
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
International Association for the promotion of cooperation with scientists
International centre for migration policy development (1994), The key to Europe: A comparative analysis of entry and asylum policies in Western countries, Stockholm, Swedish Ministry of Culture.
International Civil AviationAssociation’s Travel Information Manual
International institiute of social history
International labor organization (ILO)
International labor organization (ILO) modeled estimates
International migration outlook oecd
International monetary fund (IMF), International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.
International orgaization for migration
Istat
Jinan university
Kagera health and development survey
Kirchhoff, S., & Ibánez, A. M. (2002). Displacement due to violence in Colombia: Determinants and consequences at the household level (No. 1546-2016-132259).
Kirwin, M., & Anderson, J. (2018). Identifying the factors driving West African migration (West African Papers 17). Paris: OECD Publishing
Labonté, R., Sanders, D., Mathole, T., Crush, J., Chikanda, A., Dambisya, Y., ... & Bourgeault, I. L. (2015). Health worker migration from South Africa: causes, consequences and policy responses. Human resources for health, 13(1), 1-16.
Labor force survey (LFS) Europe
Latin American migration project
Local law enforcement agencies
Luftlinie
MacArthur Foundation Research Network
MAFE
Mallick, B., & Vogt, J. (2012). Cyclone, coastal society and migration: empirical evidence from Bangladesh. International Development Planning Review, 34(3).
Manifesto project
mapquest.com
Marketing and PublicOpinion Research Centre Riga
Media stories
Mexican family life survey (MxFLS)
Mexican migrant project
Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs / National bureau of statistics China
Ministry of education Italy
Ministry of food and agriculture Ghana
Ministry of interior Netherlands
NASA
National Centers for Environmental Information (NOAA)
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (grips) Japan
National incident based reporting system
National Science Foundation
Nepal living standards survey
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (nidi)
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (nidi)?
Nica, E. (2015). Labor market determinants of migration flows in Europe. Sustainability, 7(1), 634-647.
Norwegian Directorate of Health's external agency.
Numbeo
OECD
OECD DAC
OECD Economic Outlook
OECD education at a glance
OECD Inventory of Measures Affecting Trade in Professional Services, WTO Questionnaire on Restrictions in the Accountancy Services Sector, APEC Directory on Professional Services, ILSAC’s Legal Services Country Profiles
OECD trends in international migration (SOPEMI)
OECD, Eurostat
Office for national statistics UK
Ortega, F., & Peri, G. (2013). The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration Studies, 1(1), 47-74.
Ortega, Francesc; Peri, Giovanni (2014). Openness and income: The roles of trade and migration. Journal of International Economics, 92(2), 231–251.
Ozaltin, D., Shakir, F., & Loizides, N. (2020). Why do people flee? Revisiting forced migration in post-Saddam Baghdad. Journal of international migration and integration, 21(2), 587-610.
Pakistan Federal bureau of statistics
Pries, L. (2004). Determining the causes and durability of transnational labour migration between Mexico and the United States: Some empirical findings. International Migration, 42(2), 3-39.
Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos*, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: a further update. Education economics, 12(2), 111-134.
Quality of governancce
RodrÃguez, V., Fernández-Mayoralas, G., & Rojo, F. (2004). International retirement migration: retired Europeans living on the Costa del Sol, Spain. Population Review, 43(1), 1-36.
Rose, Andrew K. (2004). ‘Do we really know that the WTO increases trade?’, American Economic Review, vol. 94(1), pp. 98–114.
Russian Statistical Service
SAHWA project
Shanghai ranking
Soil resurce development institute
Spolaore, E., & Wacziarg, R. (2009). The diffusion of development. The Quarterly journal of economics, 124(2), 469-529.
Statbel
Statistics burea of Japan
Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada World Trade Database
Statistics Denmark
Statistics Finland
Statistics Norway
Statistics Poland
Statistics Sweden
Stefan Remhof, Marjaana Gunkel & Christopher Schlaegel (2014) Goodbye Germany! The influence of personality and cognitive factors on the intention to work abroad, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25:16, 2319-2343, DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2014.884613
Sunil, T. S., Rojas, V., & Bradley, D. E. (2007). United States' international retirement migration: the reasons for retiring to the environs of Lake Chapala, Mexico. Ageing & Society, 27(4), 489-510.
Survey response UN world population monitoring
Tanzania national roads agency
TÃRKI, the Budapest University of Economics, the Central Statistical Office, the National Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)
Terrestrial Air Temperature and Precipitation: 1900- 2006 Gridded Monthly Time Series, Version 1.01, Global Historical Climatology Network (Peterson and Vose, 1997)
The data from 1980 to 1990 are derived from ‘General Elections in Western Nations’, an annual summary of election statistics compiled for the European Journal of Political Research by Thomas T. Mackie and Richard Rose from 1980 to 1983, and by Thomas T. Mackie from 1984 to 1990. The data from 1991 to 2007 are derived from the European Journal of Political Research's annual ‘Political Data Yearbook’. These sources are hereinafter referred to as the ‘Political Data Yearbooks’.
The main data source is Eurostat (the Statistical Office of the European Commission), complemented, where necessary, by other appropriate national and international sources. Authoritative official statistics are available from Eurostat's online database, including the latest revisions to historical data. Consistency with data at the national level from AMECO is also ensured.
The Minorities at Risk Project
The NASA Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
Times Atlas of the World, National Geographic Atlas of the World, Hammond World Atlas, and Oxford Atlas of the World
U.S. bureau of labor statistics
U.S. census bureau
U.S. department of agriculture
U.S. department of commerce
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Uguanda bureau of statistics
UK data service
UN DESA Statistics Division, National Accounts Main Aggregates Database, IMF International Financial Statistics, other International and National sources
Unclear
UNHCR
Union of international associations
United Nations
United Nations (undesa)
United Nations conference on trade and development
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (unctad)stat
United Nations development program
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics
United Nations food and agriculture organization
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations industrial development organization
United Nations population division
United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot ( various years ), ( 5 ) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and ( 6 ) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.
United Nations Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision
United Nations statistics division
United Nations, various
United States Committee on Refugees
Universities of Konstanz and Bern mobility game survey
University of North Carolina, Carolina population center
UNSD’s Comtrade, OECD's International Trade by Commodity Statistics (ITCS)
Urban institute welfare rules database
Van Dalen, H. P., & Henkens, K. (2013). Explaining emigration intentions and behaviour in the Netherlands, 2005–10. Population Studies, 67(2), 225-241.
Van der Bie, R. (2009). De economisch-geografische indelingen van het CBS 1917-1960.
Van Mol, C., & Timmerman, C. (2014). Should I stay or should I go? An analysis of the determinants of intra-European student mobility. Population, Space and Place, 20(5), 465-479.
VAN WISSEN L.J.G., DE BEER J. (2000), “Internationale migratie in Nederland: Trends, achtergronden, motieven en vooruitzichtenâ€. In VAN NIMWEGEN N., BEETS G.C.N. (eds.), Bevolkingsvraagstukken in Nederland anno 2000, The Hague, NIDI
Verband Deutscher Rentenversicherungsträger, Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Vieillesse, Department of Employment and Pensions, Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza, Försäkringskassan and Försäkringskasseförbundet Sociale, Social Security Administration, Ministry of health labor and welfare
Vilhelmson, B., & Thulin, E. (2013). Does the Internet encourage people to move? Investigating Swedish young adults’ internal migration experiences and plans. Geoforum, 47, 209-216.
Village potential statistics
weadapt.org
Wolrd value survey
World atlas
World Bank
World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data
World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.
World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision.
World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision.
World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data.
World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods described in the World Bank's The Changing Wealth of Nations.
World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International.
World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet
World Bankd world development indicators
World Tourism Organization, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data
World value survey
Worldmark encyclopedia of nations, statistical abstract of the world, United Nations, central intelligence agency
Zhongdong Ma
